用工时定额和 rezsióradíj 编制逐项列明的匈牙利预算

Bring the tetel list in as the bill you will price, keeping the numbering, the unit and the quantity as issued, and group it by munkanem so each trade section can be totalled and read on its own. Flag the work the drawings show and the list does not, rather than silently pricing it inside a neighbouring tetel.

原因: Government Decree 191/2009 (IX. 15.), the Epkiv., requires the kivitelezesi szerzodes to be in writing and lists what it carries, the unpriced itemised bill among them. So this list is not working material, it is the annex the contract will be measured against for the whole job. Work you absorb into another line now is work you cannot bill separately later, and a tetel you add without saying so reads as a different offer from everyone else's.

For each tetel record the labour time and the material consumption per unit that the price assumes, and name where that norm came from: a published norm collection with its edition year, or your own measured output from a comparable job. Adjust it for the conditions this site imposes rather than editing the rate at the end to make the total look right.

原因: A norm with a name and a year can be argued with. A rate that arrived from nowhere can only be believed or disbelieved. That difference decides how a variation is settled, how a claim for extra work is read, and whether a justification for a low price is accepted, and it costs nothing to record while you are already looking at the tetel.

Build the hourly rate from its parts: gross wage, the employer contributions on it, paid non-working time, small plant and hand tools, site running costs and the share of company overhead the job carries. Keep the build-up attached to the rate so anyone can see which of those parts is doing the work.

原因: The rezsioradij is the single number that decides whether a Hungarian bid is profitable, and it is the number most often carried over from last year without being rebuilt. It is also not a free choice. A minimum construction rezsioradij is set by ministerial decree for the year, and on public work an offer calculated below it can be found invalid, so a rate under the minimum has to be a decision somebody made rather than a number that came out of a spreadsheet.

Build the unit price as an assembly rather than typing it. The dij is the norm hours multiplied by the rezsioradij, the anyag is the consumption multiplied by the material price including waste and delivery, and hired plant sits on its own line rather than being smeared through the hourly rate.

原因: Hungarian bills are read with the anyag and the dij apart, and the two move for different reasons: material prices move with the market and the dij moves with wages and productivity. A single blended number hides which one moved, which is exactly what you need to show when a client asks why a rate has changed since last year.

In the bill's Markups & Overheads panel, apply the markups as their own layer over the direct cost, so the direct cost stays readable underneath. Decide once whether overhead already sits inside the rezsioradij or on top of the tetel, and apply that decision everywhere rather than per section.

原因: Overhead counted twice, once inside the hourly rate and once as a percentage on the total, is the commonest quiet error in an itemised bill and it is invisible in the total. Keeping the layer separate makes it a thing you can look at, and it also makes a discount a decision about margin rather than an unexplained edit to a unit rate.

Run validation over the priced bill: nothing left at zero, no unit or quantity drifted from the kiiras, no tetel priced far outside the band its neighbours sit in, and every rate carrying the norm and the rate basis it claims.

原因: An outlier is not automatically wrong, and that is the point of looking: half of them are a decimal place and half of them are the one tetel on the job where your method genuinely differs. You want to know which is which before the client tells you, because only one of the two is worth defending.

Produce the document rather than the spreadsheet: the tetel detail under each munkanem, the anyag and dij columns kept apart, a summary per munkanem and a foosszesito that carries the sections up to the offer total.

原因: The foosszesito is how a Hungarian client reads a price, and a bill delivered without one gets retyped into that shape by somebody who was not there when it was priced. Issuing it in the expected form is the difference between a price that gets discussed and a price that gets rebuilt.