案例 / 估算与成本
估算与成本

为incorporação提交NBR 12721 quadros

按标准的定义测量面积,为建筑的padrão建立custo global,将其对照已公布的CUB,编制quadros,按fração ideal把成本分摊到每个单元,并汇编memorial以供登记。

6 个步骤20 分钟开发商/业主造价咨询 / 工料测量顾问设计/工程顾问公司

运作方式,逐步说明

贯穿平台的 6 个步骤 - 每一步做什么,以及为什么重要。

1

Measure the areas the way the standard defines them

工程量计算

Take off the private, the common and the total real area of every unit, then convert them into the equivalent area of construction the way NBR 12721 prescribes, so that covered and uncovered work are weighted rather than added. Keep both sets of figures, because the quadros ask for both.

原因: Every figure downstream is a rate multiplied by one of these areas, so an area computed the ordinary way rather than the way NBR 12721 defines it is wrong in the same direction on every unit and in the registered document. Corrections after registration are a rectification at the registry office, not an edit.

输入Approved architectural drawingsUnit schedule of the building成果Real areas per unitEquivalent area of construction
2

Build the custo global for the padrao you are building

造价数据库

Price the building at the standard of finish it is actually specified to, keeping the structure, the finishes and the services apart, and separate what the standard treats as the building from what it treats as land, licences and marketing. Read out the cost per square metre of equivalent area.

原因: The rate per square metre is the figure everyone compares, and it only means anything when the numerator and the denominator were built to the same rules. Costs that do not belong to the construction inflate the rate and make the building look expensive against every published reference, which is a conversation with a bank rather than with an estimator.

输入Specification and standard of finishEquivalent area of construction成果Custo global of the buildingCost rate per square metre
3

Place the rate against the published CUB

价格指数

Load the CUB published for the state and the building type that matches yours, put your rate beside it, and write down what the difference is made of: the items the CUB expressly leaves out, such as foundations, lifts and external works, and the specification choices that are genuinely yours.

原因: The CUB is computed under NBR 12721 for a standard project and deliberately excludes several real costs, so a building priced honestly is expected to sit above it. What has to exist is the sentence saying by how much and why. Without it, the same gap reads to a buyer or an auditor as a padded cost rather than as foundations.

输入Cost rate per square metrePublished CUB for the state成果Difference against the CUBReason recorded for the gap
4

Produce the quadros in the form the standard prescribes

报告

Generate the numbered quadros NBR 12721 lays out, from the areas of each unit through to the cost of construction and its distribution, and check that the same total appears identically in every quadro that carries it. Keep the reference month of the cost on every sheet.

原因: The quadros are read by a registrar who checks them against each other rather than against the building, so an internal disagreement between two sheets stops the filing even when both figures are individually defensible. Generated from one source they agree by construction, which is the only reliable way to make a set of twelve tables consistent.

输入Custo global of the buildingReal areas per unit成果Quadros report in the prescribed formTotals agreeing across quadros
5

Carry the cost onto each unit by its fracao ideal

房地产开发

Distribute the construction cost across the units in proportion to the fracao ideal recorded for each one, and hold that distribution beside the sale prices so the margin on a small unit can be read separately from the margin on a penthouse.

原因: A development sold at one price per square metre across every unit is usually selling the ground floor at a loss and does not know it, because the cost per square metre is not flat once parking, terraces and common areas are allocated. The filed distribution is the only version of that arithmetic both the buyer and the developer are looking at.

输入Quadros report in the prescribed formFracao ideal per unit成果Cost carried onto each unitBasis for the sale price
6

Assemble the memorial de incorporacao for registration

文档

Bring the quadros together with the title, the approved drawings, the licences and the technical responsibility notes into the set that goes to the registry office, and keep the filed version untouched afterwards as its own record.

原因: Lei 4.591 of 1964 makes registration of the memorial the condition of selling units that are not built, so this set is what allows the sales to start, and every buyer contracts against the version that was filed. A working copy that keeps evolving in the same folder is how a later dispute finds two memorials, and only one of them is the one anybody agreed to.

输入Quadros report in the prescribed formTitle, licences and drawings成果Memorial assembled for filingFiled version kept as issued
模块

此方案使用的模块

190 个平台模块中的 6

The market this case is written for

巴西

Everything in this case follows how construction work is measured, priced and paid for in this market. The forms, the cost breakdown and the payment rules are the ones used there, not a generic version of them.

Standards it follows

  • Lei 14.133
  • SINAPI
  • ABNT NBR 12721

You do not have to set any of that up by hand. The first time you open the platform it asks which market you work in. Choose this one and it sets the interface language, loads the matching cost database and records the cost classification, and it adds an example project you can open straight away.

The rule checks for this market come with the platform too. Switch them on once and an estimate that misses something the market expects is flagged while you are still working on it, not after the tender has gone out.

更多 估算与成本 案例

估算与成本

发出估算前进行核查

让已计价的清单通过核查规则,清除所有警告和错误,再导出一份可以直接交给客户的干净报告。

3 个步骤8 分钟打开
估算与成本

根据成本数据库进行估算

从真实的成本数据库中提取已计价项目,据此构建清单,把常用的组合做法打包成组合定额,提交投标数字前先做校核。

4 个步骤12 分钟打开
估算与成本

根据成本风险设定应急费

把单点估算转化为区间估算,对真正存在不确定性的项目运行蒙特卡洛模拟,读取P50到P90的分布区间,设定一个可以逐项说清楚的应急费。

3 个步骤11 分钟打开