ケース / 積算とコスト
積算とコスト

incorporação のために NBR 12721 の quadros を提出する

規格が定義する面積を測定し、建物の padrão に応じた custo global を組み立て、公表された CUB と突き合わせ、quadros を作成し、各ユニットにその fração ideal に応じてコストを配分し、登記のための memorial をまとめる。

6ステップ20 分デベロッパー / 発注者コストコンサルティング会社 / 積算事務所設計事務所 / エンジニアリング会社

仕組みをステップごとに

プラットフォーム全体で6ステップ - 各ステップで何をするか、そしてなぜ重要か。

1

Measure the areas the way the standard defines them

数量積算

Take off the private, the common and the total real area of every unit, then convert them into the equivalent area of construction the way NBR 12721 prescribes, so that covered and uncovered work are weighted rather than added. Keep both sets of figures, because the quadros ask for both.

理由: Every figure downstream is a rate multiplied by one of these areas, so an area computed the ordinary way rather than the way NBR 12721 defines it is wrong in the same direction on every unit and in the registered document. Corrections after registration are a rectification at the registry office, not an edit.

入力Approved architectural drawingsUnit schedule of the building出力Real areas per unitEquivalent area of construction
2

Build the custo global for the padrao you are building

単価データベース

Price the building at the standard of finish it is actually specified to, keeping the structure, the finishes and the services apart, and separate what the standard treats as the building from what it treats as land, licences and marketing. Read out the cost per square metre of equivalent area.

理由: The rate per square metre is the figure everyone compares, and it only means anything when the numerator and the denominator were built to the same rules. Costs that do not belong to the construction inflate the rate and make the building look expensive against every published reference, which is a conversation with a bank rather than with an estimator.

入力Specification and standard of finishEquivalent area of construction出力Custo global of the buildingCost rate per square metre
3

Place the rate against the published CUB

物価指数

Load the CUB published for the state and the building type that matches yours, put your rate beside it, and write down what the difference is made of: the items the CUB expressly leaves out, such as foundations, lifts and external works, and the specification choices that are genuinely yours.

理由: The CUB is computed under NBR 12721 for a standard project and deliberately excludes several real costs, so a building priced honestly is expected to sit above it. What has to exist is the sentence saying by how much and why. Without it, the same gap reads to a buyer or an auditor as a padded cost rather than as foundations.

入力Cost rate per square metrePublished CUB for the state出力Difference against the CUBReason recorded for the gap
4

Produce the quadros in the form the standard prescribes

レポート

Generate the numbered quadros NBR 12721 lays out, from the areas of each unit through to the cost of construction and its distribution, and check that the same total appears identically in every quadro that carries it. Keep the reference month of the cost on every sheet.

理由: The quadros are read by a registrar who checks them against each other rather than against the building, so an internal disagreement between two sheets stops the filing even when both figures are individually defensible. Generated from one source they agree by construction, which is the only reliable way to make a set of twelve tables consistent.

入力Custo global of the buildingReal areas per unit出力Quadros report in the prescribed formTotals agreeing across quadros
5

Carry the cost onto each unit by its fracao ideal

不動産開発

Distribute the construction cost across the units in proportion to the fracao ideal recorded for each one, and hold that distribution beside the sale prices so the margin on a small unit can be read separately from the margin on a penthouse.

理由: A development sold at one price per square metre across every unit is usually selling the ground floor at a loss and does not know it, because the cost per square metre is not flat once parking, terraces and common areas are allocated. The filed distribution is the only version of that arithmetic both the buyer and the developer are looking at.

入力Quadros report in the prescribed formFracao ideal per unit出力Cost carried onto each unitBasis for the sale price
6

Assemble the memorial de incorporacao for registration

文書

Bring the quadros together with the title, the approved drawings, the licences and the technical responsibility notes into the set that goes to the registry office, and keep the filed version untouched afterwards as its own record.

理由: Lei 4.591 of 1964 makes registration of the memorial the condition of selling units that are not built, so this set is what allows the sales to start, and every buyer contracts against the version that was filed. A working copy that keeps evolving in the same folder is how a later dispute finds two memorials, and only one of them is the one anybody agreed to.

入力Quadros report in the prescribed formTitle, licences and drawings出力Memorial assembled for filingFiled version kept as issued
モジュール

このプレイブックのモジュール

プラットフォーム 190 モジュール中 6

The market this case is written for

ブラジル

Everything in this case follows how construction work is measured, priced and paid for in this market. The forms, the cost breakdown and the payment rules are the ones used there, not a generic version of them.

Standards it follows

  • Lei 14.133
  • SINAPI
  • ABNT NBR 12721

You do not have to set any of that up by hand. The first time you open the platform it asks which market you work in. Choose this one and it sets the interface language, loads the matching cost database and records the cost classification, and it adds an example project you can open straight away.

The rule checks for this market come with the platform too. Switch them on once and an estimate that misses something the market expects is flagged while you are still working on it, not after the tender has gone out.

積算とコストの他のケース

積算とコスト

送付前に見積を確認する

積算済みの内訳書を検証ルールにかけ、すべての警告とエラーを解消し、そのまま顧客に渡せるきれいなレポートを出力する。

3ステップ8 分開く
積算とコスト

コストデータベースから見積を作成する

実在のコストデータベースから積算項目を取り出して内訳書を組み立て、繰り返し使う積み上げをアセンブリにまとめ、入札額を確定する前にチェックを実行します。

4ステップ12 分開く
積算とコスト

コストリスクから予備費を設定する

単一値の見積を幅のある値に変え、本当に不確実性のある項目についてモンテカルロシミュレーションを実行し、P50からP90の分布を読み取り、行ごとに根拠を示せる予備費を設定します。

3ステップ11 分開く