案例 / 商务与合同
商务与合同

按国内反向征税为分包工程开票

先判断这项工作是否适用国内反向征税,在开票前把书面 nyilatkozat 存档,开具不含税并注明 fordított adózás 字样的 számla,并把不适用该规则的供货单独列行。

6 个步骤12 分钟专业分包商总承包商造价咨询 / 工料测量顾问

运作方式,逐步说明

贯穿平台的 6 个步骤 - 每一步做什么,以及为什么重要。

1

Test the work against the rule, not the habit

合同

Record on the contract which limb of the test the work meets: that it is construction or installation work directed at real property, that the work is subject to a permit from or a notification to an authority, and that both parties are domestic taxable persons. Record the answer even when it is no, because the no is the thing you will be asked to justify later.

原因: The condition is about the work, not about the trade, so two packages for the same customer on the same site can fall on opposite sides of it. Since the wording was widened to cover work subject to a notification and not only work subject to a permit, jobs that used to sit outside the rule now sit inside it, and firms that decided this once years ago are the ones getting it wrong now.

输入Subcontract and scopePermit or notification status成果Tax treatment decidedReason recorded on the contract
2

Get the written nyilatkozat before the work

文档

File the written declaration the parties owe each other in advance. The party who knows the permit or notification status of the works is the party who declares it, so on a normal subcontract that is the customer declaring the status of the works, and where the permit or notification concerns the supplier's own activity the supplier declares it instead. Keep it with the contract, dated before the first invoice.

原因: The Afa tv. makes the declaration a condition and not a courtesy. In an audit the question is never whether the building needed a permit, it is what you knew on the day you invoiced, and a declaration written afterwards answers a different question. A subcontractor who invoices without one is relying on a fact held by somebody else with no record that they were ever told it.

输入Both parties and their tax statusTax treatment decided成果Signed nyilatkozat on fileDated before the work
3

Keep what falls outside the rule on its own lines

工程量清单

Go through the period's tetel list and separate the work that meets the test from anything invoiced alongside it that does not, such as goods sold on without installation, plant hired out on its own or design work billed separately. The two groups end up on different tax treatments, so they have to be different lines.

原因: A mixed invoice is the shape most reverse-charge errors arrive in, because the decision was made once for the contract and then applied to everything that came out of it. Splitting the lines while the valuation is in front of you is minutes; unpicking it from a year of invoices during an audit is not.

输入Valuation for the periodScope of the package成果Lines under the reverse chargeLines taxed normally
4

Issue the szamla with the tax left off and said so

财务

Raise the szamla against the approved figure with no tax amount on the reverse-charge lines, the words forditott adozas on the invoice, the customer's tax number shown, and the teljesitesigazolas it answers referenced. The 27 percent standard rate is not shown and not collected: the customer accounts for it.

原因: The mandatory invoice content list in the Afa tv. requires the reference to forditott adozas on a reverse-charge invoice, and an invoice missing it is defective even though the amount is right. Your customer's accountant will send it back, which costs a period, and the payment clock does not run on a returned invoice.

输入Lines under the reverse chargeSigned teljesitesigazolas成果Szamla issued without taxForditott adozas marked on it
5

Report it like any other invoice

电子发票认证

Send the invoice data to NAV through the Online Szamla channel and keep the transaction receipt with the invoice. A reverse-charge invoice is reported on the same terms as a taxed one, and the reverse-charge marking travels in the data.

原因: Carrying no tax does not make an invoice invisible to the reporting obligation, and this is a genuinely common misreading. The reported data is also what makes the pair check out: your customer declares the tax they self-assessed on the same transaction, and a supply that was never reported leaves them holding a deduction with nothing on the other side of it.

输入Issued szamlaReporting schema成果Invoice reportedTransaction receipt
6

Reconcile the period before the return goes in

报告

Before the VAT return, list the period's invoices by treatment and look at the exceptions: a customer who appears under both treatments, a contract whose declaration is missing, an invoice with tax on it on a site where every other invoice had none.

原因: Both sides report the same transaction in the same period, so a mismatch is visible to the tax authority whether or not it is visible to you. Finding your own inconsistency before the return goes in turns a correction into a routine amendment, and finding it two years later turns it into an assessment with interest running from the original date.

输入Invoices issued in the periodTax treatment per line成果Period tax summaryExceptions to look at
模块

此方案使用的模块

190 个平台模块中的 6

The market this case is written for

匈牙利

Everything in this case follows how construction work is measured, priced and paid for in this market. The forms, the cost breakdown and the payment rules are the ones used there, not a generic version of them.

Standards it follows

  • Kbt.
  • TSZSZ

You do not have to set any of that up by hand. The first time you open the platform it asks which market you work in. Choose this one and it sets the interface language, loads the matching cost database and records the cost classification, and it adds an example project you can open straight away.

The rule checks for this market come with the platform too. Switch them on once and an estimate that misses something the market expects is flagged while you are still working on it, not after the tender has gone out.

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商务与合同

把变更转化为已付款的变更单

在范围变更还新鲜时就记录下来,依据你已约定的单价将其作为合同变更报价,并在下一期进度付款申请中计入,使额外工作能够获得补偿,而不是被悄悄吸收。

3 个步骤11 分钟打开
商务与合同

管理分包工程

将某工种分包给分包商,以带付款计划表和保留金条款的分包合同确定下来,再按实际完成的工作逐期支付款项。

3 个步骤11 分钟打开
商务与合同

付款申请与对账

按合同对本期已完成工作进行估值,附上依据提出申请,并将已核证的金额与账户实际到账的金额进行对账。

3 个步骤12 分钟打开