Fallbeispiele / Planung & Steuerung
Planung & Steuerung

Den cronograma físico-financeiro aus dem orçamento aufbauen

Nehmen Sie das bepreiste orçamento als Quelle, ordnen Sie die Leistung, verknüpfen Sie jede Position mit der Tätigkeit, die sie verdient, verteilen Sie das Geld über die Perioden, weisen Sie nach, dass die Perioden die Vertragssumme ergeben, und veröffentlichen Sie die Kurve mit dem Angebot.

6 Schritte16 Min.GeneralunternehmerProjektentwickler / BauherrProjekt- / Baumanagementbüro

So funktioniert es, Schritt für Schritt

6 Schritte über die Plattform hinweg - was Sie bei jedem tun und warum es zählt.

1

Start from the priced orcamento, not from a summary

Leistungsverzeichnis

Open the priced bill and confirm that every item carries a quantity, a unit and a value, and that the group structure is the one the cronograma will report against. Fix the structure here rather than inventing a second grouping for the schedule.

Warum: Lei 14.133 of 2021 requires the works package to carry a detailed budget grounded in measured quantities, so the bill is the legal source of the figures and the cronograma is a view of it. A curve built from a summary sheet quietly becomes a third document with a total of its own, and the first medicao is where the three are discovered to disagree.

EingangPriced bill positionsItem groups of the orcamentoErgebnisContract total to be spreadQuantities behind every figure
2

Sequence the work into a programme

4D-Terminplan

Build the activities the work is actually done in, give each one a duration that comes from the quantity and the crew rather than from the calendar you would like, and set the dependencies between them. Name the milestones the contract will be measured against.

Warum: The physical half of the cronograma is the half that gets skipped, because the financial half can be produced by dividing the total into equal months and nobody notices for a quarter. A programme built from quantities and crews is the only version that answers the question the client will ask in month three, which is whether the plan was ever achievable.

EingangMethod and crew sizesQuantities behind every figureErgebnisBaseline programmeMilestone dates named
3

Link every item to the activity that earns it

5D-Kostenmodell

Attach each bill item to the activity that will earn it, splitting an item across two activities where the work really is done in two places. Then look at what is left over on both sides: items no activity earns, and activities that earn nothing.

Warum: The leftovers are the finding. An item nothing earns is usually work that was priced and then left out of the plan, and an activity earning nothing is usually work that will be done and was never priced. Both are cheap to fix now and expensive to discover during a medicao, when one of them is already built.

EingangBaseline programmePriced bill positionsErgebnisEvery item linked to an activityItems no activity earns
4

Spread the money over the measurement periods

Finanzen

Let the linked values fall into the periods the contract measures in, and read the cumulative curve as well as the monthly bars. Note the month of peak funding and what the advance, if there is one, does to it.

Warum: The client reads the cronograma as a budget commitment and the contractor reads it as working capital, and the two readings meet at the peak. Named in advance it is a financing decision. Discovered in month five it is a conversation about slowing the work down, which costs both parties more than the finance would have.

EingangEvery item linked to an activityMeasurement periods of the contractErgebnisCash forecast per periodPeak funding named
5

Prove the periods add up to the contract sum

Validierung

Run the check that the sum of the periods equals the total of the priced bill, and that no period is negative or empty in the middle of continuous work. Chase any difference back to the item that caused it rather than adjusting the last month to close it.

Warum: A cronograma that does not total to the contract sum will be rejected on sight, and closing the gap by editing the final month hides whatever caused it, usually an item linked twice or linked to nothing. The check takes seconds and the diagnosis it gives is the part worth having.

EingangCash forecast per periodContract total to be spreadErgebnisValidation report on the totalsDifference to explain
6

Publish it as the baseline the medicoes report against

Berichte

Export the physical and the financial halves as one document with the same period headings, and keep the version that went with the proposal as the baseline. Later revisions are compared against it rather than replacing it silently.

Warum: Every medicao is read against the cronograma, and the whole conversation about delay depends on which version of it both sides are holding. A baseline kept as issued makes the comparison a fact. A cronograma quietly updated each month makes the job look on programme until the last month, when the remaining work no longer fits in it.

EingangCash forecast per periodBaseline programmeErgebnisCronograma export for the proposalBaseline the medicoes report against
Module

Module in diesem Playbook

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Der Markt, für den dieses Fallbeispiel geschrieben ist

Brasilien

Alles in diesem Fallbeispiel folgt der Art, wie Bauleistungen in diesem Markt aufgemessen, kalkuliert und abgerechnet werden. Die Formulare, die Kostengliederung und die Zahlungsregeln sind die, die dort gelten, und keine allgemeine Fassung davon.

Standards, denen es folgt

  • Lei 14.133
  • SINAPI
  • ABNT NBR 12721

Das müssen Sie nicht von Hand einrichten. Beim ersten Start fragt die Plattform, in welchem Markt Sie arbeiten. Wählen Sie diesen aus, und sie stellt die Oberflächensprache ein, lädt die passende Kostendatenbank, hinterlegt die Kostengliederung und legt ein Beispielprojekt an, das Sie sofort öffnen können.

Die Prüfregeln für diesen Markt sind ebenfalls dabei. Einmal eingeschaltet, fällt eine Kalkulation, der etwas Marktübliches fehlt, schon während der Arbeit auf und nicht erst nach der Abgabe.

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