실질적 완공에 도달하고 최종정산 확정하기

Walk the building and record the outstanding items room by room with a photograph, an owner and a date. Sort them into what genuinely prevents practical completion and what can be finished during the rectification period, and close them off as they are done.

이유: Practical completion is not perfection and it is not a wish list, but the argument about which items are which gets a great deal shorter when the items exist as a photographed list with owners. A certificate issued over an undocumented set of snags is the one the employer challenges.

Assemble the close-out package first, the as-built drawings, the operation and maintenance manuals, the warranties, the test and commissioning certificates and the asset information, and issue practical completion against a package that exists rather than against a promise to send one.

이유: The certificate changes several things at once: the rectification period starts, the first half of the retention usually falls due and damages stop running. Issuing it before the package is real means chasing manuals out of subcontractors who have been paid and have moved on, which is a job with no leverage left in it.

Open the register: every warranty and defects liability entry with its start date, its length and what it covers, and every defect notice raised against it with a severity and a status. The register shows what is still inside its period, what is expiring and what has run clean.

이유: The rectification period is twelve months on most jobs and nobody is thinking about it in month seven. A register that knows which entries are expiring is what turns the final inspection into something you schedule rather than something you miss, and it is also the evidence that an entry finished clean and its retention is due.

Read the retention ledger against the release events recorded on the contract. The first release normally follows practical completion and the second follows the end of the rectification period with the defects made good, so what the ledger shows is money that is due rather than money that is held indefinitely.

이유: Retention released late is a real cost to a subcontractor and a real reputational cost to the payer, and it is almost always late because nobody was watching rather than because anybody decided. Tying the release to the event on the contract makes it a date instead of a favour.

Build the final account from what has already been recorded: the contract sum, the variation orders posted as they were agreed, the provisional sums adjusted to what was actually instructed, the prime cost sums, any fluctuations the contract carries, and the retention released. Agree it, sign it and close the contract.

이유: A final account reconstructed at the end takes months and settles in favour of whichever party kept better records. One that has been current all along is a statement both sides have already seen every month, and agreeing it becomes a signature rather than a negotiation nobody budgeted for.